標題:
The Life and Fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
期刊: Front Immunol. 2014; 5: 148.
Abstract
Mesenchymal
stem cells (MSC) are present throughout the body and are thought to
play a role in tissue regeneration and control of inflammation. MSC can
be easily expanded in vitro and their potential as a therapeutic option
for degenerative and inflammatory disease is therefore intensively
investigated. Whilst it was initially thought that MSC would replace
dysfunctional cells and migrate to sites of injury to interact with
inflammatory cells, experimental evidence indicates that the majority of
administered MSC get trapped in capillary networks and have a short
life span. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the migratory
properties of endogenous and exogenous MSC and confer on how
culture-induced modifications of MSC may affect these properties.
Finally, we will discuss how, despite their limited survival,
administered MSC can bring about their therapeutic effects.
重點1:
間質幹細胞可以表現很多趨化素受器 (
Chemokine receptors ), 使得幹細胞可以專一性移動到損傷目標區.
重點2:
自體( Endogenous ) 間質幹細胞在體內的移動方式目前是有爭議的.而經由血液流動的方式證據薄弱. 間質幹細胞確實存在各組織中且可能在組織內移動至受傷或發炎部位.
重點3:
在體外培養的間質幹細胞當運用在治療注射後存活率不高, 靜脈注射間質幹細胞的方式會聚集在肺部且在24小時內會消失.活的間質幹細胞在其它組織是偵測不到.
重點4:
體外培養間質幹細胞的培養條件如培養液及塑膠培養盤的貼附性對於細胞的表型 ( Phenotype )有很大的影響.在細胞培養環境中間質幹細胞的大小會增加及貼附分子會大量表現,這會影響間質幹細胞注射後的分佈.
重點5:
間質幹細胞在注射後幾小時內會誘發系統性發炎反應而發炎現象可以在肺組織中偵測到.
重點6:
靜脈注射體外培養的間質幹細胞可以藉由細胞分泌液 ( Secretome )調節宿主自體間質幹細胞及巨噬細胞的功能,進一步誘導組織再生及活化調節型 T 細胞,另方面也可觸發免疫抑制的反應.